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Mahatma Gandhi undertook fast unto death in 1932, mainly because
1) Round Table Conference failed to satisfy Indian political aspirations
2) Congress and Muslim League had difference of opinion
3) Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award
4) None of the statements (A), (B) and (C) given above is correct in this context
The correct answer is Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award .
The correct answer to the given question is option (3) Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award.
In 1932, Mahatma Gandhi undertook a fast unto death to protest against the Communal Award announced by the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald. The Communal Award was a proposal to separate the electorate into separate constituencies for Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and other communities, based on their religious identity.
Gandhi saw the Communal Award as a divisive measure that would further divide the Indian society on the basis of religion, and would undermine the unity of the Indian independence movement. He believed that the measure would give undue political power to the Muslim minority, and would perpetuate the British policy of divide and rule.
To protest against the Communal Award, Gandhi went on a fast unto death on September 20, 1932. He was confined to his bed in Yerwada Central Jail in Pune, where he received visitors and continued his negotiations with the British authorities.
The fast generated a wave of sympathy and support for Gandhi among the Indian public, and led to widespread protests against the Communal Award. The British government eventually agreed to a compromise, known as the Poona Pact, which provided for separate electorates for the Dalits (formerly known as untouchables) but did not separate the electorate on the basis of religion.
In conclusion, Mahatma Gandhi undertook a fast unto death in 1932 mainly to protest against the Communal Award announced by Ramsay MacDonald. His fast generated widespread support and led to a compromise known as the Poona Pact.