Which one of the following statements is not correct with respect to protection of individuals being tried for offences?
1) A confession can never be used as evidence against the accused.
2) The accused must have violated an existing law.
3) An accused cannot be tried and punished for the same offence again.
4) The punishment must be provided in law as it existed on the date of commission of an offence.
The protection against self-incrimination extends to both oral evidence and documentary evidence.
However, it does not extend to
(i) compulsory production of material objects,
(ii) compulsion to give thumb impression, specimen signature, blood specimens, and (iii) compulsory exhibition of the body.
Further, it extends only to criminal proceedings and not to civil proceedings or proceedings which are not of criminal nature.
1) A confession can never be used as evidence against the accused.